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TEST	Sensitivity*	Specificity*	Features
	% true cases	% all cases
CAGE All items positive 3 items positive 2 items positive 1 item positive	100 99 89 80	37 66 81 98	4 questions Clinical interview To detect alcoholism No cutoff point to differentiate dependence and abuse
Trauma Scale	81	68	5 questions Clinical interview To detect alcohol problems, not alcoholism
MAST Score of 5 or more	95	98	25 questions Self-administered or interview To detect alcoholism
AUDIT Score of 12 Score of 8 Score of 2	97 90 25	28 61 97	10 questions Self-administered or interview To assess harmful use Developed by WHO Cross-cultural validity
DAST Score of 6 or more	96	79	28 questions Self-administered or interview To detect drug problems Adapted from MAST
TWEAK Score of 2 [high risk] Score of 1 [moderate risk]	73 70	64 66	5 questions Clinical interview Pregnant women; women To detect high risk use Adapted from CAGE
T-ACE Score of 2 or more	86	67	4 questions Clinical interview Designed for pregant women; women To identify high risk use Adapted from CAGE
CRAFFT Score of 2 or more	94	76	6 questions Clinical interview Designed for adolescents To identify high risk use

* For the general population.
Values for specific sub-populations can differ. For example, tests differ in the efficacy with specific populations -- be it adolescents, or the elderly, or women, those with pscyhiatric illness, or members of specific ethnic/cultural groups.

Adapted from Kinney J. Medical consequences of alcohol use. IN: Alcohol Use, Abuse and Dependence. Timonium MD: Milner-Fenwick, 1989.

CAGE

Trauma Scale

MAST

AUDIT

DAST

TWEAK

T-ACE

CRAFFT